💡 句子级中英对照。建议先关掉翻译尝试读英文,卡住再切回来。问题(❓ 标记)也包含在内。
📄 教材 p.5 · 7Aa Doctors Past and Present
For thousands of years people have gone to see doctors when they feel unwell.
几千年来,人们感到不舒服时就会去看医生。
Some of the ways in which doctors examine patients have not changed!
医生检查病人的某些方法到今天都没变!
For example, 3000 years ago, Ancient Egyptian doctors knew that if a person's heart was not beating as well as usual that person could be ill.
比如,3000 年前古埃及医生就知道:如果一个人的心脏(heart)跳得不像往常那样,他可能病了。
Today, doctors still find out how well your heart is beating.
今天的医生还是会检查你的心跳是否正常。
They may also measure temperature and do blood and urine tests to see if there are changes in your body compared to normal.
他们还会测体温、做血液和尿液检查,看你的身体跟平时有没有变化。
These changes are called symptoms.
这些变化叫做症状(symptoms)。
Different problems cause different symptoms.
不同的问题会引起不同的症状。
The symptoms of a cold include a sore throat and runny nose.
感冒的症状包括喉咙痛和流鼻涕。
Modern equipment can see organs inside our bodies.
现代设备能看到我们身体内部的器官(organs)。
Scientists have used this technology on Egyptian mummies and found that many had heart problems.
科学家把这种技术用在埃及木乃伊上,发现很多木乃伊都有心脏问题。
Doctors have written instructions for how to treat problems for thousands of years.
几千年来,医生一直在写下治疗各种疾病的方法。
This Ancient Egyptian carving records the range of instruments and medicines that a doctor used to treat patients.
这块古埃及石雕记录了医生治病用的各种器械和药物。
Many of the instruments still look familiar!
其中很多器械到现在看着还很眼熟!
A doctor sees if there is a match between a patient's symptoms and a known problem.
医生会看病人的症状是不是和某个已知的疾病匹配。
If there is a match, the symptoms are evidence that the person has a certain illness.
如果匹配上,这些症状就成为这个人得了某种病的证据(evidence)。
Luckily, if you need a medicine today it will not contain a favourite ingredient of Ancient Egyptian medicine – animal dung!
还好,今天的药里不会再含有古埃及医生爱用的一种成分——动物粪便!
Q1 a) A patient has a high temperature, a headache and a stuffy nose. Which word in bold on this page best describes these findings?
第 1 题 a) 病人发烧、头痛、鼻塞。本页中哪个加粗的词最适合描述这些发现?
Q1 b) Suggest what illness the patient has.
第 1 题 b) 推测病人得了什么病。
Q2 A doctor tells a patient that they have acne. Suggest what evidence the doctor has found to make them think this.
第 2 题 医生告诉病人他得了痤疮(acne)。推测医生找到了什么证据让他这么判断。
Q3 a) Which of the following best describes the heart: A an organ, B a cell, C a tissue, D a system?
第 3 题 a) 下列哪个最准确描述心脏:A 器官 organ,B 细胞 cell,C 组织 tissue,D 系统 system?
Q3 b) State one job that the heart does.
第 3 题 b) 说出心脏的一个工作。
📄 教材 p.6 · 7Aa Life Processes
WHAT DO ALL LIVING THINGS DO?
所有生物都会做什么?
The Ancient Egyptians believed they had cures for death, including one made from onions.
古埃及人相信他们有"治死"的办法,其中一种是用洋葱做的。
It is doubtful that this worked!
这显然不太可能管用!
When they died, the bodies of important people were treated to stop them rotting – they were mummified.
重要的人死后,他们的尸体会被处理以防止腐烂——也就是做成木乃伊。
This was done because Ancient Egyptians believed that living things contained a 'life force' called ka, which needed somewhere to live.
这么做是因为古埃及人相信生物体内含有一种叫"ka"的"生命力",它需要一个寄居的地方。
Today, we have different ideas about what it means to be alive.
今天我们对"活着"有不同的理解。
We look at what things do.
我们看一个东西在做什么。
If something can do the following life processes, it is a 'living thing' or organism: move, reproduce, sense things, grow, respire, excrete waste, need nutrition.
如果一个东西能完成下面这些生命过程(life processes),它就是"生物"或者叫 organism:运动、繁殖、感知事物、生长、呼吸作用、排出废物、需要营养。
The mummies of some of the most important Ancient Egyptian rulers (the pharaohs) were placed inside huge stone pyramids.
一些最重要的古埃及统治者(法老)的木乃伊被放在巨大的石头金字塔里。
Q1 Copy and complete the table below with the items in the list. (car, chair, coal, cow, daffodil, goldfish, mouse, octopus, robot, rock, snake, Sun)
第 1 题 把下面列表里的东西(汽车、椅子、煤、牛、水仙花、金鱼、老鼠、章鱼、机器人、石头、蛇、太阳)按"是 organism / 不是 organism"分类填到表里。
Q2 A mnemonic is a word or phrase that helps you remember a list. It is usually made using the first letters of the words in a list. What mnemonic is spelled out by the first letters of the life processes?
第 2 题 助记词(mnemonic)是帮你记住一组词的一个词或短语,通常用每个词的首字母拼成。7 个生命过程的首字母能拼出什么助记词?
All living things can either move from place to place or move parts of themselves.
所有生物要么能从一处移动到另一处,要么能移动身体的某些部位。
Arctic poppies move parts of themselves. Their flowers turn to follow the Sun during the day.
北极罂粟会移动它自己的某些部位——花朵会在白天随太阳的位置转动。
Q3 Suggest one difference between how most animals move and how most plants move.
第 3 题 推测大多数动物的运动方式和大多数植物有什么不同。
Organisms can make more living things like themselves. We say that they can reproduce.
生物能制造和自己类似的新生物,我们说它们能繁殖(reproduce)。
Offspring are the result of reproduction.
后代(offspring)就是繁殖的结果。
Q4 Suggest one thing that many plants do to reproduce but animals do not do.
第 4 题 推测许多植物在繁殖时做的、而动物不做的一件事是什么。
📄 教材 p.7 · 7Aa Life Processes(续)
Organisms sense and react to things around them.
生物会感知并对周围的事物做出反应。
This sensitive plant closes its leaves if it senses something touching them.
这种敏感植物(含羞草)一旦感觉到有东西碰它的叶子,就会把叶子合上。
Living things increase in size. We say that they grow.
生物体型会变大,我们说它们能生长(grow)。
Some types of bamboo can grow 4 cm taller in an hour.
有些种类的竹子一小时能长高 4 厘米。
Living things use a process called respiration to release energy for them to use.
生物使用一个叫做呼吸作用(respiration)的过程来释放能量供自己使用。
Humans, like many living things, need oxygen and food in order to respire.
人类和许多生物一样,需要氧气(oxygen)和食物才能进行呼吸作用。
Organisms produce waste materials. When they get rid of these waste materials we say that they excrete them.
生物会产生废物。当它们把这些废物排出体外时,我们说它们在排泄(excrete)。
Waste materials include liquids (urine).
废物包括液体(比如尿液)。
Living things require various substances to help carry out other life processes. We say that they need nutrition.
生物需要各种物质来帮助完成其他生命过程,我们说它们需要营养(nutrition)。
Animals eat food but plants make their own food. However, even plants need small amounts of substances from the soil to help them grow well.
动物吃食物,植物自己制造食物。不过即使是植物也需要从土壤里吸收少量物质,才能长得好。
Q5 Describe two ways in which you show sensitivity.
第 5 题 描述两种你表现出应激性(sensitivity)的方式。
Q6 Suggest one difference between how trees grow and how humans grow.
第 6 题 推测树木和人类在生长方式上有什么不同。
Q7 Suggest one difference between how fish and humans get their oxygen.
第 7 题 推测鱼和人类获取氧气的方式有什么不同。
Q8 a) In what ways is a car like an organism? b) Why is a car not an organism?
第 8 题 a) 汽车在哪些方面像生物(organism)?b) 为什么汽车不算 organism?
recall and describe the life processes
回忆并描述各种生命过程
explain the differences between organisms and non-living things
解释生物体(organism)和非生物之间的不同